However, cytomegalovirus can cause more serious symptoms in vulnerable people, included people with low immunity, such as organ transplant patients and people with HIV and AIDS, and unborn babies. For example, the infection may take hold of the brain of someone with low immunity and cause them to slip into a coma. It can also cause serious infections in the blood and other organs. A baby who contracts CMV in the womb may be born deaf, have poor eyesight, an enlarged liver or spleen, or a small head, or have an intellectual disability.
As CMV is usually a minor health complaint, most people need only bed rest to get over an outbreak. However, people at risk of complications may receive antiviral medication. Their conditions will also be monitored closely to ensure they don’t face serious complications.
Cytomegalovirus can be spread in several ways including coughing or contact with infected bodily fluid including blood, breast milk, snot, semen, vaginal secretions, urine, and feces. The virus can also be transmitted via the mucus membranes through kissing, oral sex, and vaginal sex. Using condoms and dental dams during sexual contact can reduce the risk of transmission. Practicing proper hygiene, including washing hands, toys, and surfaces that come in contact with bodily fluids also reduces the risk.