Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female circumcision, is a procedure that removes part or all of the external female genitalia. It is generally performed as part of a ritual. Female genital mutilation is carried out on girls between infancy and puberty. It is largerly a traditional circumcision most likely without anesthesia. The FGM procedure differs depending on what region of the world it is being performed in. Some versions involve the removal of only the clitoral hood and clitoris. A more extreme version, also referred to as "infibulation", also removes both the inner and outer labia and closes the vulva leaving only a small hole for urination and menstruation. In the case of infibulation, the vagina must be opened to allow the woman to engage in sexual intercourse and to give birth.
More About Female Genital Mutilation
Female genital mutilation leaves women at risk for infection, cysts, can cause infertility, and lead to complications during pregnancy including fatal bleeding. There is not a single known benefit to the practice.
FGM is primarily practiced in 29 countries in Africa and also practiced in parts of the Middle East. It is a culturally enforced practice with ties to ideas about modesty and controlling the sexuality of women.
Female genital mutilation is recognized as a human rights violation.
