It’s not entirely clear what causes premenstrual syndrome, but many believe the hormonal changes that come with the imminent onset of a period may be a significant factor. A lack of serotonin in the brain during this time may also play a role.
In most cases, women have minor PMS symptoms which they can tolerate or reduce with lifestyle choices such as getting more sleep, eating a balanced diet, avoiding alcohol and sugar, reducing stress, and exercising. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also alleviate stomach cramps and headaches. However, some women experience a very severe form of premenstrual syndrome known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder. This condition has similar symptoms to premenstrual syndrome, but they are more intense.
Medical professionals can help women coping with premenstrual dysphoric disorder or other types of premenstrual syndrome that they struggle to manage alone. They may prescribe birth control pills, which typically reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and make periods more regular, or refer you to a therapist.